The rise and fall of Arab presidents for life

The search for sovereignty in an insecure world

The origins of the presidential security state

Basic components of the regimes

Centralized state systems in Tunisia, Syria, Egypt, and Algeria

Presidents as managers in Sudan, Libya, and Yemen

Constrained presidencies in Lebanon and Iraq after Hussein

The monarchical security states of Jordan, Morocco, Bahrain, and Oman

The politics of succession

The question of Arab exceptionalism

The sudden fall.