The Middle Ages and Arab-Muslim science
The Renaissance (sixteenth century)
The age of Classicism (seventeenth century)
The Enlightenment (eighteenth century)
The nineteenth century (part I): embryology, cell biology, microbiology, and physiology
The nineteenth century (part II): the theory of evolution, the theory of heredity, and ecology
The twentieth century (part I): the diversity of functional biology and the birth of molecular biology
The twentieth century (part II): the theory of evolution, ecology, ethology
Twentieth - twenty-first centuries: after the syntheses
