The environmental psychology of prisons and jails: creating humane spaces in secure settings

Section I. Overview: History of Correctional Design, Development, and Implementation of Direct Supervision as an Innovation: 1. Introduction; 2. Historical view; 3. The development of direct supervision as a design and management system; 4. Post-occupancy evaluations of the earliest DS jails; 5. Effectiveness of direct supervision models

Section II. Environment-Behavior Issues in Corrections: 6. Correctional space and behavior: privacy, personal space, and territoriality in institutions; 7. Prison crowding; 8. The psychology of isolation in prison settings; 9. The effects of noise in correctional settings; 10. Windows, light, nature, and color

Section III. A Model and Conclusions: 11. An environmental and contextual model of violence in jails and prisons; 12. Conclusion.