Diversity and society: race, ethnicity, and gender

Diversity in the United States : questions and concepts

Assimilation and pluralism : from immigrants to white ethnics

The development of dominant : minority group relations in preindustrial America : The Origins of Slavery

Industrialization and dominant : minority relations : from slavery to segregation and the coming of postindustrial society

African Americans : from segregation to modern institutional discrimination and modern racism

American Indians : from conquest to tribal survival in a postindustrial society

Hispanic Americans : colonization, immigration, and ethnic enclaves

Asian American : model minorities?

New Americans, assimilation, and old challenges

Minority groups and U.S. Society : themes, patterns, and the future.

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part 1. An Introduction to the Study of Minority Groups in The United States

1. Diversity in the United States: Questions and Concepts

The Increasing Variety of American Minority Groups: Trends and Questions

Increasing Diversity

What's in a Name?

Questions about the Future, Sociology, and the Plan of this Book

What Is a Minority Group?

Patterns of Inequality

Theoretical Perspectives

Minority Group Status and Stratification

Visible Distinguishing Traits

Race

Gender

Key Concepts in Dominant-Minority Relations

Prejudice

Discrimination

Ideological Racism

Institutional Discrimination

A Global Perspective

Focus on Contemporary Issues: Immigration and Globalization

Conclusion

Main Points

For Further Reading

Questions for Review and Study

Internet Research Project

2. Assimilation and Pluralism: From Immigrants to White Ethnics

Assimilation

Types of Assimilation

The "Traditional" Perspective on Assimilation: Theories and Concepts

Pluralism

Types of Pluralism

Focus on Contemporary Issues: Language and Assimilation

Other Group Relationships

From Immigrants to White Ethnics

Industrialization and Immigration

European Origins and Conditions of Entry

Chains of Immigration

The Campaign against Immigration: Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination

Patterns of Assimilation

Continuing Industrialization and Structural Mobility

Variations in Assimilation

Degree of Similarity

Religion

Social Class

Gender

Sojourners

The Descendents of the Immigrants Today

Geographic Distribution

Integration and Equality

The Evolution of White Ethnicity

The Twilight of White Ethnicity

Contemporary Immigrants: Does the Traditional Perspective Apply?

Implications for Examining Dominant-Minority Relations

Comparative Focus: Immigration, Emigration, and Ireland

Main Points

For Further Reading

Questions for Review and Study

Internet Research Project

Part 2. The Evolution of Dominant-Minority Relations in the United States

A Note on the Morality and the History of Minority Relations in America: Guilt, Blame, Understanding, and Communication

3. The Development of Dominant-Minority Group Relations in Preindustrial America: The Origins of Slavery

The Origins of Slavery in America

The Labor Supply Problem

The Contact Situation

The Creation of Slavery in the United States

Paternalistic Relations

The Dimensions of Minority Group Status

Focus on Contemporary Issues: Slavery and Indentured Servitude Today

The Creation of Minority Status for American Indians and Mexican Americans

American Indians

Comparative Focus: Hawaii

Mexican Americans

Comparing Minority Groups

Comparative Focus: Mexico, Canada, and the United States

Main Points

For Further Reading

Questions for Review and Study

Internet Research Project

4. Industrialization and Dominant-Minority Relations: From Slavery to Segregation and the Coming of Postindustrial Society

Industrialization and the Shift from Paternalistic to Rigid Competitive Group Relations

The Impact of Industrialization on the Racial Stratification of African Americans: From Slavery to Segregation

Reconstruction

De Jure Segregation

The Great Migration

Life in the North

Competition with White Ethnic Groups

The Origins of Black Protest

Applying Concepts

Acculturation and Integration

Gender and Race

Comparative Focus: South African Apartheid

Industrialization, the Shift to Postindustrial Society, and Dominant-Minority Group Relations: General Trends

Urbanization

Occupational Specialization

Bureaucracy and Rationality

Growth of White-Collar Jobs and the Service Sector

The Growing Importance of Education

A Dual Labor Market

Globalization

Postindustrial Society and the Shift from Rigid to Fluid Competitive Relationships

Gender Inequality in a Globalizing, Postindustrial World

Trends in the United States

Global Trends

Modern Institutional Discrimination

The Continuing Power of the Past

Affirmative Action

Social Change and Minority Group Activism

Focus on Contemporary Issues: Hate Crimes

Main Points

For Further Reading

Questions for Review and Study

Internet Research Project

Part 3. Understanding Dominant-Minority Relations in the United States Today

5. African Americans: From Segregation to Modern Institutional Discrimination and Modern Racism

The End of de Jure Segregation

Wartime Developments

The Civil Rights Movement

Developments Outside the South

De Facto Segregation

Urban Unrest

The Black Power Movement

Protest, Power, and Pluralism

The Black Power Movement in Perspective

Gender and Black Protest

Comparative Focus: Race in Another America

Black-White Relations Since the 1960s: Issues and Trends

Continuing Separation

The Criminal Justice System and African Americans

Increasing Class Inequality

Modern Institutional Discrimination

The Family Institution and the Culture of Poverty

Mixed Race and New Racial Identities

Traditional Prejudice and Modern Racism

Assimilation and Pluralism

Focus on Contemporary Issues: Does the Election of President Obama Mean that America Is Postracial?

Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?

Main Points

For Further Reading

Questions for Review and Study

Internet Research Project

6. American Indians: From Conquest to Tribal Survival in a Postindustrial Society

Size of the Group

American Indian Cultures

Relations with the Federal Government after the 1890s

Reservation Life

The Indian Reorganization Act

The Termination Policy

Relocation and Urbanization

Self-Determination

Protest and Resistance

Early Efforts

Red Power

Focus on Contemporary Issues: Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?

The Continuing Struggle for Development in Contemporary American Indian-White Relations

Natural Resources

Attracting Industry to the Reservation

Broken Treaties

Gaming and Other Development Possibilities

Contemporary American Indian-White Relations

Prejudice and Discrimination

Assimilation and Pluralism

Comparing Minority Groups

Progress and Challenges

Comparative Focus: Australian Aborigines and American Indians

Main Points

For Further Reading

Questions for Review and Study

Internet Research Project

7. Hispanic Americans: Colonization, Immigration, and Ethnic Enclaves

Mexican Americans

Cultural Patterns

Immigration

Developments in the United States

Mexican Americans and Other Minority Groups

Puerto Ricans

Migration (Push and Pull) and Employment

Transitions

Puerto Ricans and Other Minority Groups

Cuban Americans

Immigration (Push and Pull)

Regional Concentrations

Socioeconomic Characteristics

The Ethnic Enclave

Cuban Americans and Other Minority Groups

Comparative Focus: Immigration to Europe vs. Immigration to the United States

Contemporary Hispanic-White Relations

Prejudice and Discrimination

Assimilation and Pluralism

Focus on Contemporary Issues: Will America Grow "Whiter" or "Browner"?

Assimilation and Hispanic Americans

Main Points

For Further Reading

Questions for Review and Study

Internet Research Project

8. Asian Americans: "Model Minorities"?

Origins and Cultures

Contact Situations and the Development of the Chinese American and Japanese American Communities

Chinese Americans

Japanese Americans

Comparing Minority Groups

Contemporary Immigration from Asia

Contemporary Relations

Prejudice and Discrimination

Assimilation and Pluralism

Focus on Contemporary Issues: How Successful Are Asian Americans? At What Price?

Comparing Minority Groups: Explaining Asian American Success

Asian Americans and White Ethnics

Asian Americans and Colonized Racial Minority Groups

Structural Explanations of Asian American Success

Comparative Focus: Japan's "Invisible" Minority

Main Points

For Further Reading

Questions for Review and Study

Internet Research Project

Part 4. Challenges for the Present and the Future

9. New Americans, Assimilation, and Old Challenges

Current Immigration

New Hispanic Groups: Immigrants from the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, and Colombia

Three Case Studies

Non-Hispanic Immigration from the Caribbean

Two Case Studies

Contemporary Immigration from Asia

Four Case Studies

Middle Eastern and Arab Americans

9/11 and Arab Americans

The Arab American Community in Detroit, Michigan

Immigrants from Africa

Summary: Modes of Incorporation

Comparative Focus: The Roma: Europe's "True Minority"

Immigration: Issues and Controversies

The Attitudes of Americans

The Immigrants

Costs and Benefits

Undocumented Immigrants

Focus on Contemporary Issues: Birthright Citizenship

Is Contemporary Assimilation Segmented?

The Case for Segmented Assimilation

The Case for "Traditional" Assimilation Theory

Summary

Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context

New Immigrants and Old Issues

Main Points

For Further Reading

Questions for Review and Study

Internet Research Project

10. Minority Groups and U.S. Society: Themes, Patterns, and the Future

The Importance of Subsistence Technology

The Importance of the Contact Situation, Group Competition, and Power

Diversity Within Minority Groups